Seismic applications > Refraction - Reflection seismic survey

The profile consisted of 3 shot points recorded by a fixed spread of 48 in-line geophones laid out over a distance of 202 m: shot point 1 was located 1 m off-end from geophone 1, shot point 2 was located in the center of the spread, equidistant to geophones 24 and 25, and shot point 3 was located 1 m off-end from geophone 48. The distance between adjacent geophones is 2.5 m for geophones 1-4, 21-24, 25-28, and 45-48. The distance between geophones 4 to 21 and geophones 28 to 45 is 5.0m. The distance between geophones 24 and 25 is 2.0m. Source-receiver offsets range from 1.0 to 203.0 m for source points 1 and 3, and from 1.0 to 101.0 m for source point 2. The seismic source is a weight dropper (10 kJ). The receivers are 10 Hz vertical geophones.

  • Step 1: acquisition spread

  • Step 2: Field data-raw shot gathers.
    On each raw shot , we can see direct, refracted waves. We can also see high frequency air wave and low apparent velocity surface waves. We can locally guess high apparent velocity events which are reflected waves.

  • Step3: Raw reciprocal shots.
    The reciprocal shots S1 and S3 are used to obtain the single fold seismic section.